For centuries, the skull was viewed as a hard, simple structure protecting the fragile brain. And, for nearly 100 years, scientists thought the brain was protected from immune activity that could damage it (Deutsche Welle, August 24, 2026). However, the historic view of immunity and the brain is rapidly changing!

The financial crisis of 2007 and 2008 sent shockwaves around the globe. Then there was an economic recovery. When the COVID-19 crisis hit, world economies took another financial downturn. Now, between the war in Ukraine and the United States’ and Israel’s war with Iran, the global economy is struggling again.